發泡制品在涂料方面的運用：聚氨酯技術早在德國興起，1937年，奧托拜耳先生發明聚氨酯，奠定了聚氨酯化學的基礎，開發出適合不同用途需要的聚氨酯技術。自1955年以來，拜耳公司已把各種單體和聚合的異氰酸酯、聚酯、聚醚及丙烯酸酯應用于優質發泡制品的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產中。1965年(nian)抗褪色雙組分(fen)(fen)聚氨(an)酯(zhi)(zhi)涂(tu)料應用(yong)(yong)于飛機和(he)火(huo)車機身;1987年(nian)Bayhydrolò作為水(shui)性(xing)成膜物(wu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong);1994年(nian)Bayhydurò和(he)Bayhydrolò作為水(shui)性(xing)雙組分(fen)(fen)聚氨(an)酯(zhi)(zhi)體系(xi)投入使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。聚氨(an)酯(zhi)(zhi)涂(tu)料在(zai)木器(qi)涂(tu)料工業(ye)中占(zhan)主導地位，占(zhan)到75%的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)份(fen)額，緊接著是汽(qi)車修補漆，占(zhan)40%多。聚氨(an)酯(zhi)(zhi)技術在(zai)防腐涂(tu)料、塑料涂(tu)料和(he)汽(qi)車原廠漆方面的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)也越來(lai)越廣，占(zhan)10%的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)份(fen)額。近年(nian)來(lai)，聚氨(an)酯(zhi)(zhi)涂(tu)料正以15%的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)長率(lv)在(zai)增(zeng)長。

的故障(zhang)排(pai)除：發泡設備運行中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱內空氣(qi)(qi)開關或熱繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器跳閘。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱內的接頭(tou)(tou)松動→檢查并(bing)上緊(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)接頭(tou)(tou)。漿(jiang)液(ye)太稠(chou)，的攪(jiao)拌機(ji)負載(zai)→稀釋(shi)漿(jiang)液(ye)并(bing)復位熱繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器上“紅色”按鈕。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過低→檢查原因，提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到規定值(zhi)。高壓(ya)發泡機(ji)正常工(gong)作時，氣(qi)(qi)包(bao)上面(mian)減壓(ya)閥突然(ran)大量(liang)排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)。減壓(ya)閥壞掉→檢查并(bing)更換減壓(ya)閥。攪(jiao)拌桶內漿(jiang)液(ye)太稠(chou)，導(dao)致氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)高出減壓(ya)閥承受能力→停機(ji)稀釋(shi)漿(jiang)液(ye)。

聚(ju)(ju)氨酯(zhi)行業發展(zhan)概述：我國聚(ju)(ju)氨酯(zhi)發泡(pao)機(ji)工(gong)業以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)原(yuan)料(liao)為起步：上世紀50年(nian)代末首(shou)先在(zai)大(da)連建立了小規模生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)三(san)(san)苯基(ji)甲烷、三(san)(san)異(yi)氰(qing)酸酯(zhi)的(de)(de)基(ji)地，該原(yuan)料(liao)主要用(yong)作生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)膠(jiao)粘劑；60年(nian)代分別又在(zai)大(da)連、常州、太原(yuan)各建立了500噸/年(nian)產(chan)能的(de)(de)MDI和(he)TDI原(yuan)料(liao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企業。引進(jin)(jin)國外先進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)異(yi)氰(qing)酸酯(zhi)的(de)(de)技(ji)術和(he)裝(zhuang)置：1984年(nian)到1994年(nian)10年(nian)間，在(zai)天(tian)津石化(hua)三(san)(san)廠、錦西化(hua)工(gong)總廠、九江化(hua)工(gong)廠、山東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)大(da)化(hua)工(gong)從日本引進(jin)(jin)聚(ju)(ju)醚多元醇生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)裝(zhuang)置和(he)制(zhi)品生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術的(de)(de)同(tong)時，國家(jia)也(ye)通過“七五(wu)”、“八五(wu)”等科(ke)技(ji)攻關項目的(de)(de)扶植，逐步開發了高壓(ya)反應(ying)注(zhu)射成型(xing)機(ji)(RIM)、高回(hui)彈冷熟化(hua)泡(pao)沫生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術。

使用注意事(shi)項：溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)對(dui)發(fa)泡(pao)機產量(liang)(liang)與泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)(mo)質量(liang)(liang)有很大影響。在30℃以(yi)下，水溫越高，泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)(mo)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)越小(xiao)，產量(liang)(liang)越高。但(dan)當水溫超過30℃，由于(yu)泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)(mo)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)過小(xiao)，泡(pao)壁過薄，容易(yi)消泡(pao)，所以(yi)產量(liang)(liang)反而降低。因此發(fa)泡(pao)劑的水溶液溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)控制在20℃～30℃發(fa)泡(pao)效(xiao)果最合適(shi)(shi)。發(fa)泡(pao)細(xi)膩均勻，泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)(mo)狀如云團(tuan)。對(dui)發(fa)泡(pao)劑粘(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)適(shi)(shi)應性好。一般發(fa)泡(pao)機只(zhi)適(shi)(shi)合于(yu)中低粘(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)發(fa)泡(pao)劑，鎂嘉圖發(fa)泡(pao)機對(dui)高粘(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)發(fa)泡(pao)劑也十分適(shi)(shi)應，發(fa)泡(pao)優異。

每天必須對機(ji)(ji)頭做(zuo)一次保養(yang)：1.拆(chai)(chai)除(chu)(chu)兩(liang)(liang)側氣(qi)缸(gang)清(qing)理(li)(li)干(gan)凈、上(shang)(shang)油(you)。2.清(qing)洗(xi)攪拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。3.清(qing)除(chu)(chu)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)與銅(tong)螺絲(si)上(shang)(shang)的凝(ning)固(gu)物(wu)(wu)。4.連軸器噴除(chu)(chu)銹劑。5.機(ji)(ji)頭上(shang)(shang)加黃油(you)。每次使(shi)用(yong)后超1小時(shi)不(bu)用(yong)的，需(xu)(xu)拆(chai)(chai)除(chu)(chu)攪拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)外(wai)套，清(qing)潔攪拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)方軸銅(tong)螺絲(si)上(shang)(shang)殘留的發泡凝(ning)固(gu)物(wu)(wu)，并(bing)(bing)噴除(chu)(chu)銹劑。發泡機(ji)(ji)超過(guo)2天不(bu)使(shi)用(yong)的，需(xu)(xu)拆(chai)(chai)除(chu)(chu)攪拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)頭并(bing)(bing)拆(chai)(chai)除(chu)(chu)內(nei)六角清(qing)理(li)(li)內(nei)部殘渣，后噴除(chu)(chu)銹劑。攪拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)用(yong)鋼絲(si)刷清(qing)理(li)(li)干(gan)凈，機(ji)(ji)頭兩(liang)(liang)側全(quan)缸(gang)拆(chai)(chai)除(chu)(chu)清(qing)理(li)(li)內(nei)部污物(wu)(wu)，并(bing)(bing)噴除(chu)(chu)銹劑。檢查所使(shi)用(yong)設備(bei)是(shi)否(fou)正常，拆(chai)(chai)除(chu)(chu)攪拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，檢查攪拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)電機(ji)(ji)是(shi)否(fou)工作；旋轉(zhuan)是(shi)否(fou)遲(chi)緩，有(you)無噪聲、發熱(re)、反轉(zhuan)等現象(xiang)，檢查各管路是(shi)否(fou)暢(chang)通，有(you)無凝(ning)固(gu)物(wu)(wu)堵(du)塞，必要時(shi)用(yong)清(qing)洗(xi)劑清(qing)洗(xi)并(bing)(bing)吹干(gan)。